Includes references.

1. What is generative AI and how does it work?
2. Controversies around generative AI and their implications for education
3. Regulating the use of generative AI in education
4. Towards a policy framework for the use of generative AI in education and research
5. Facilitating creative use of GenAI in education and research
6. GenAI and the future of education and research

This Guidance aims to support the planning of appropriate regulations, policies and human capacity development programmes to ensure that generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) becomes a tool that genuinely benefits and empowers teachers, learners and researchers. It explains the AI techniques used by GenAI and maps out a list of GPT models that are made publicly available, especially those under open-source licenses. It also opens a discussion on the emergence of EdGPT – GenAI models that are trained with specific data to serve educational purposes. Furthermore, it summarizes some of the key controversies around GenAI, from worsening digital poverty to the homogenization of opinions, and from deeper deepfakes to issues of copyright. Based on a humanistic vision, the Guidance proposes key steps for the regulation of GenAI tools, including mandating the protection of data privacy and setting an age limit for independent conversations with GenAI platforms. To guide the proper use of the tools in education and research, this Guidance proposes a human-agent and age-appropriate approach to the ethical validation and pedagogical design processes. Guidance for generative AI in education and research9789231006128